Platinum group elements (PGEs) find
extensive use in high technology applications due to their unique chemical and physical
properties. Some of these are in vehicle exhaust catalysts, medicine,
electronic and chemical industries, etc. The widespread use of PGEs for various
applications, particularly in vehicle catalytic converters and tumor treatment,
etc., is leading to the increased release of these elements into the environment.
Studies have shown that, under suitable conditions, certain chemical forms of
PGEs emitted from vehicles could become bioavailable.[1,2] Determination
of these elements is important for understanding the chemical nature of PGEs in
environmental samples and their impact on ecological and biological systems.[3–5] The
metallic forms of PGEs are generally considered to be inert as regards
biological reactions. On the other hand, certain PGE compounds are known to be
cytotoxic and to have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects and they are among the
most potent allergens and sensitizers.[3] Due
to the increase in the use of Pd in place of Pt in catalytic convertors, a
predominance of the former element in airborne particulate matter has been observed
over the last decade.[6] This
increase in the concentrations of Pd in environmental samples is of concern because,
among the PGEs, Pd has the highest bio-accessibility and mobility in the
environment.[7] The process of thermal neutron induced fission of fissile
nuclides, e.g. 235U, 239Pu,
leads to the production of a wide range of fission
products in varying quantities. Palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh) and ruthenium (Ru)
are the only three PGEs formed to a significant
extent during the nuclear fission process.
The actual amounts of formation of these PGEs depend on the type of reactor
system as well as on the burn-up of the nuclear fuel.[8,9] With
the future development of a proper recovery and decontamination process, the availability
of these metals is likely to increase and they can thus serve as an alternative
resource to meet the increasing demand for noble metals.[10] A reliable analytical procedure for the quantification of the PGEs is, therefore,
important at different stages of reprocessing. Analytical methods have been
described for the determination of PGEs in synthetic and actual nuclear waste
solutions.[11,12]
无锡微色谱生物科技有限公司
WuXi MicroSep Biological Science Co,. Ltd.
地 址:江苏省江阴市月城镇北环路 19 号
电 话:17715681752
工作时间:周一 ~ 周五 9:00 ~ 16:00