QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) is a
very flexible sample preparation approach widely used in a variety of
applications (1, 2). Modifications of this approach have been made to improve
its suitability to other food samples and analytical applications like cereal
grains (3), olives (4), vegetable oils (4, 5), acrylamide (6,7), clinical (8,
9), veterinary drugs (10–19), food quality (20), supplement testing (21),
perfluorinated compounds (22, 23), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (24–26),
alkaloids (27), environmental (28–34), and mycotoxins (35, 36). In 2003, the
original (37) unbuffered QuEChERS version was developed for the analysis of
pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables, which is still its most common
application. This original QuEChERS method has evolved to a pair of multilaboratory
validated methods using acetate (AOAC Official
Method 2007.01; 38) or citrate buffering
(European Committee for Standardization Standard Method EN 15662; 39) to aid in
the extraction and stability of certain difficult pesticides in different
matrixes. In recent years, other limitations were minimized, such as the use of
7.5 mg of graphitized carbon black (GCB)/mL of extract for greater chlorophyll
removal (1, 4, 37, 40, 41), better cleanup of cereal samples by a 3-fold increase
in the amount of primary and secondary amine (PSA) used (3), the combination of
analyte protectants to reduce analyte losses and peak tailing due to
interactions with active sites in the inlet and column (42–44), the wider
availability of ultra-HPLC (UHPLC) and low pressure (LP)/GC technology allowing
faster analyses (3, 42, 45), and more sensitive instruments allowing the
dilution of extracts to reduce matrix effects.
无锡微色谱生物科技有限公司
WuXi MicroSep Biological Science Co,. Ltd.
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