JA0039 Simultaneous quantification of 11 cannabinoids and metabolites in human urine by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using WAX-S tips
来源:analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
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作者:Maria Andersson
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发布时间: 2130天前
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2501 次浏览
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A comprehensive cannabinoid urine quantification method may improve clinical and forensic result interpretation and is necessary to support our clinical research. A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry quantification method for Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-hydroxyTHC (11-OH-THC), 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCAA), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG), Δ9- tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), 11-nor-9-carboxy-THCV (THCVCOOH), THC-glucuronide (THC-gluc), and THCCOOH-glucuronide (THCCOOH-gluc) in urine was developed and validated according to the Scientific Working Group on Toxicology guidelines. Sample preparation consisted of disposable pipette extraction (WAX-S) of 200 μL urine. Separation was achieved on a Kinetex C18 column using gradient elution with flow rate 0.5 mL/min, mobile phase A (10 mM ammonium acetate in water), and mobile phase B (15 % methanol in acetonitrile). Total run time was 14 min. Analytes were monitored in both positive and negative ionization modes by scheduled multiple reaction monitoring. Linear ranges were 0.5–100 μg/L for THC and THCCOOH; 0.5–50 μg/L for 11-OH-THC, CBD, CBN, THCAA, and THC-gluc; 1–100 μg/L for CBG, THCV, and THCVCOOH; and 5–500 μg/L for THCCOOH-gluc (R2 > 0.99). Analytical biases were 88.3–113.7 %, imprecisions 3.3–14.3 %, extraction efficiencies 42.4–81.5 %, and matrix effect -10 to 32.5 %. We developed and validated a comprehensive, simple, and rapid LC-MS/MS cannabinoid urine method for quantification of 11 cannabinoids and metabolites. This method is being used in a controlled cannabis administration study, investigating urine cannabinoid markers documenting recent cannabis use, chronic frequent smoking, or route of drug administration and potentially improving urine cannabinoid result interpretation.
1 Introduction
A comprehensive method for multiple cannabinoid quantification may improve urine result interpretation [1–3]. Cannabinoid intake is estimated to be 181.8 million cannabis users worldwide [4]. Cannabis potency also increased from 3– 4 to >10 % over the last two decades with some regional differences [4–6]. The ability to genetically select strains with high cannabis potency contributed to the dramatic increase in Δ9-tetrahydracannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive ingredient in cannabis [4, 7]. Several biological specimens are objective indicators of substance abuse including urine, blood, oral fluid, and hair, each with different strengths, limitations, and detection windows. Blood and oral fluid are often selected for detecting recent drug exposure, while hair provides a much longer historical exposure [1, 8]. Drugs appear rapidly in blood and oral fluid with short windows of detection (1–3 days) [1], while drugs typically appear in hair 1 week after consumption [9, 10] and remain in the hair follicle until the hair is cut providing windows of detection for several weeks, months, or even years after consumption [1]. Drug distribution into urine and detection windows fall between those of blood/oral fluid and hair with drug initially appearing in urine within hours of consumption and persisting for days to weeks after consumption [1, 11]. Urine is frequently utilized for clinical and forensic toxicology, workplace, pain management, and drug treatment testing programs [1, 8, 12–14]
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