QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) is a very flexible sample preparation approach widely used in a variety of applications (1, 2). Modifications of this approach have been made to improve its suitability to other food samples and analytical applications like cereal grains (3), olives (4), vegetable oils (4, 5), acrylamide (6,7), clinical (8, 9), veterinary drugs (10–19), food quality (20), supplement testing (21), perfluorinated compounds (22, 23), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (24–26), alkaloids (27), environmental (28–34), and mycotoxins (35, 36). In 2003, the original (37) unbuffered QuEChERS version was developed for the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables, which is still its most common application. This original QuEChERS method has evolved to a pair of multilaboratory validated methods using acetate (AOAC Official Method 2007.01; 38) or citrate buffering (European Committee for Standardization Standard Method EN 15662; 39) to aid in the extraction and stability of certain difficult pesticides in different matrixes. In recent years, other limitations were minimized, such as the use of 7.5 mg of graphitized carbon black (GCB)/mL of extract for greater chlorophyll removal (1, 4, 37, 40, 41), better cleanup of cereal samples by a 3-fold increase in the amount of primary and secondary amine (PSA) used (3), the combination of analyte protectants to reduce analyte losses and peak tailing due to interactions with active sites in the inlet and column (42–44), the wider availability of ultra-HPLC (UHPLC) and low pressure (LP)/GC technology allowing faster analyses (3, 42, 45), and more sensitive instruments allowing the dilution of extracts to reduce matrix effects.
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