电子邮箱

密码

安全问题
注册 忘记密码？

无锡微色谱生物科技有限公司

见微知著，样品分析，如虎添翼

JA0028 A Rapid Assay for the Simultaneous Determination of Nicotine, Cocaine and Metabolites in Meconium Using Disposable Pipette Extraction and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)
来源:Journal of Analytical Toxicology | 作者:Dayanne C. Mozaner Bordin | 发布时间: 2142天前 | 3413 次浏览 | 分享到:
Drug abuse by pregnant women is considered a serious public health problem worldwide. Meconium is the first excretion in newborns and has been used as an alternative matrix to evaluate in utero drug exposure. Solid phase extraction (SPE) is widely employed to prepare and clean up samples in the field of forensic analysis. Most SPE products require large volumes of solvent, which culminates in longer sample processing times and increased cost per sample. Disposable pipette extraction (DPX) tips have been used as an alternative to traditional SPE cartridges. They combine efficient and rapid extraction with reduced solvent consumption. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a method to determine nicotine, cotinine, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, cocaethylene and methyl ester anhydroecgonine in meconium using DPX and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Validation results indicated that extraction efficiency ranged 50–98%, accuracy 92–106%, intra-assay precision 4–12% and inter-assay precision 6–12%. Linear calibration curves resulted in R2 values >0.99, limits of detection ranged from 2.5 to 15 ng/g and the limit of quantitation from 10 to 20 ng/g. The DPX– GC–MS method was shown to selectively analyze trace concentrations of drugs in meconium samples. Finally, the developed and validated method was applied to 50 meconium samples
1 Introduction

In 2012, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) estimated that, in 2010, between 3.4 and 6.6% of the world’s population, aged between 15 and 64 years, had used an illicit substance at least once in the previous year; moreover, almost 12% of illicit drug users reported some kind of problems, including drug dependence and drug-use disorders. Among the main illicit drugs, global statistics showed that 0.3–0.4% of the population aged between 15 and 64 years use cocaine (COC) (1). In Brazil, an increase in COC and tobacco consumption has been noted; according to the Brazilian Center of Information on Psychotropic Drugs (CEBRID), in 2005, the prevalence of the use of COC and crack in the 108 largest cities in Brazil was 2.9 and 0.7%, respectively. Recent statistics on the extent of use of illicit drugs given by the UNODC (2012) report that this consumption by Brazilian women is approximately one-third of the use among men, whereas in other countries the rate is one-tenth (1, 2). Current data indicate an increase in drug use by women of reproductive age. A study by the Ministry of Health of Sa˜ o Paulo showed an increase in 91% of hospital admissions of women in the last 3 years due to COC use. According to a research in the Hospital Faculty of Medicine of Ribeira˜ o Preto, that used interviews and toxicological analyses, it was found that the incidence of COC use in mothers was 6% and tobacco use was 31% during pregnancy (3). In addition to illicit drugs, licit drugs represent a danger to human health. Tobacco has become a public health concern due to the risks associated with smoking and environmental exposure to tobacco smoke. Today, more than one billion people are smokers worldwide (1). In 2008, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) reported that 17.2% of the Brazilian population aged over 15 years regularly used tobacco (4). The prevalence of COC and tobacco use by pregnant women has become a major public health issue. In 2011, the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), in the USA, reported that 5.0% of the pregnant women aged 15–44 years were current illicit drug users; 17.6% of these women had smoked cigarettes in the previous month (