Automated Dispersive Pipette Extraction of Catecholamines and Metabolites from Urine Using a Nimbus96 and LC-MS/MS

Extraction < 15 minutes
Automation Compatibility: Hamilton

The catecholamines, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine, are bioamines that play an integral role as neurotransmitters in the central and peripheral nervous system. Screening for catecholamines and their O-methylated metabolites, metanephrine and normetanephrine, is a widely accepted approach for diagnosis of catecholamine-secreting tumors, such as pheochromocytomas, neuroblastomas, and paragangliomas. Catecholamines are characterized by a monoamine-linked benzene ring with two vicinyl hydroxyl groups (catechol). Epinephrine is a secondary amine, while norepinephrine and dopamine are primary amines. Under neutral and alkaline conditions, the catechol group makes the catecholamines vulnerable to oxidation to the quinone species. Metanephrines lack a catechol group, having a methoxy group adjacent to the hydroxyl group, and are thus more stable. These compounds are highly polar and hydrophilic, with negative log D and log P values. These structural properties make sample preparation and analysis difficult.

We propose a diphenylborinic acid (DPBA) complexation with styrene divinyl benzene prior to Dispersive Pipette XTRaction in order to minimize oxidation and maximize analyte recoveries from urine. During elution, the complexation is reversed with acid and the solution is ready for LC-MS/MS analysis. Automation of the extraction using the NIMBUS96 facilitates higher throughput by extraction less than 15 minutes. The method described is highly reproducible and provides the necessary sensitivity for clinical applications.