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JA0035 Pneumatic nebulization gas–solid extraction of triazine herbicides in vegetable
来源:Journal of Chromatography A | 作者:Na Li | 发布时间: 2129天前 | 2387 次浏览 | 分享到:
The pneumatic nebulization gas–solid extraction (PN–GSE) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed and applied to the extraction, separation and determination of triazine herbicides in vegetables. The herbicides were ultrasonically extracted from vegetables with 70% methanol in water. Then the extract was introduced to PN-GSE system to further clean-up. The experimental parameters, including type and concentration of extraction solvent, ratio of solvent to sample, pH value of sample solution and PN-GSE solution, extraction time, temperature, type of sorbent, flow rate of carrier gas, pumping rate of gas, and kind and volume of elution solvent, were investigated and optimized. The limits of detection for seven herbicides range from 0.59 to 1.05 g/kg. The recoveries of the herbicides are in the range of 86.2–110.6% and relative standard deviations are equal or less than 7.51%, when the present method was applied to the analysis of spiked samples. The present method was applied to the analysis of real samples and the results were satisfactory
1 Introduction

Vegetables contain high content of minerals and vitamins and low content of sugar, salt and lipid. The vegetable consumption can reduce the risk of esophageal, pharynx, lung, and stomach cancer [1]. Because of the nutrition and variety, vegetables are consumed by people of all ages, especially pregnant women, infants, children and the elderly. To increase agricultural production, pesticides are used widely to a variety of crops. Unfortunately, crops can be contaminated with pesticides by improper pesticide application. Additionally, the pesticide residues could also be sourced from contaminated water and soil. The triazine herbicides are suspected of resulting in cancer, birth defects and interruption of hormone functions [2]. Some triazine herbicides were detectable in crops [3–5]. The monitoring of pesticide residues in vegetables is nowadays essential to ensure food safety and international trade. The European Union (EU) legislation has established maximum residue limits (MRLs) for some pesticides in vegetables (Commission Directive 2008/149/EC) and the MRL is 0.05 mg/kg for atrazine and terbuthylazine. And for vegetables intended for production baby food, an MRL of 0.01 mg/kg is applicable for all pesticides. So the determination of triazine herbicides in vegetable is meaningful


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